Vedlejší věty vyjadřující nerealizované okolnosti se spojovacími výrazy bez toho, aby a bez toho, že

Using the preposition 'bez' (without), these clauses explicitly express action whose non-realisation is significant for the mode of (un)realisation of the action of the main clause, cf. 'Divku pozdravil bez toho, aby se ji dotkl'. (He greeted the girl without touching her.). The author deals with the attitudes of Czech linguists toward these new competitors of the preposition 'aniz', the frequency of the sentences with the connectives 'bez toho, aby/ze' in contemporary Czech. The article also characterises the position of these subordinate clauses in the system of the Czech language from the point of view of their relationship to standard Czech.