FORMULATION OF QUALITY-QUANTITY RELATIONSHIP IN TOPONYMY BY THE EXPRESSIVE MEANS AND METAPHORS

The author of the study deals with the use of metaphor and metonymy in the formation of toponyms. The commonest use in proper nouns is that of resemblance with appellatives known to people from their everyday lives - 'brdo' (harness), 'hreben' (comb), 'sedlo' (saddle), 'nohavice' (trousers), 'noznice' (scissors)… Long distance of the object from the settlement was expressed by people metaphorically, using the names of distant countries and cities - America, Canada, Kamchatka, Peking, Mexico... In some toponyms, the expressive words are used to denote poor-quality soil, too distant objects etc.