On the climatic uncertainty to the environment extremes: a Singapore case and statistical approach

In recent times, increasing economic losses due to unexpected extreme environmental conditions have been noticed. The occurrence of these extreme environmental events requires us to have a clearer understanding of climatic influence on our lives. This paper utilizes the case of Singapore to investigate the influence of climate extremes on a country. The environmental elements of Singapore whose extremes are most likely to change in the future are identified. The impacts of these extremes on an entire nation’s economy and public health are discussed. Additionally, climate-induced statistical uncertainties in the modeling of extreme values are investigated. Based on the available knowledge of climate uncertainty information, the change of statistical structure in the extreme value model is discussed. The impact of various types of climate uncertainty in the extreme value modeling for a physical environmental variable is summarized at the end of this paper.