Reply to Response by Summerhayes et al. to Marks (2025) : Contemporary global warming versus climate change in the Holocene

The natural input of solar energy is transformed by various external and internal factors to modulate climate on the Earth and there is a close relationship between insolation changes and long-term hydroclimate trends. Latitudinal insolation in the Holocene depended on the Earth ’s orbital parameters (Milankovic cycles). A train of thought of Summerhayes et al. (2025) is charged with the concept of the dominant role in climate change of the antrhopogenic emission of greenhouse gases, mostly CO2, and they reject the evidence on considerably higher temperatures than the current warming in the Early and Middle Holocene, Late and Middle Pleistocene interglacials and during the Early Pleistocene. Changes in incoming solar radiation during the Northern Hemisphere summers and a general weakening ofsummer monsoons in the Middle and Late Holocene resulted in a global disasterfor ancient civilizations. Contrary to the hurray optimistic point of view of Summerhayes et al. (2025), much is to be done to understand the modern climate change, based on the multilateral analysis of geological proxies. It is a reasonable way not to promote the simplistic prognoses of climate change. The contribution of CO2 to the modern warming is still an open question.

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Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr POPUL/SP/0154/2024/02 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki II" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki (2025).