Wsparcie mobilności wojsk lądowych

The article focuses on the issues of forces’ mobility on land forces’ terrain, taking into consideration the need of movement on roads for air force and navy units. Discussing issues relating to troops mobility is possible after dividing the whole of operational and tactical operations into operations connected with striking the opponent (manoeuvre) and movement inside the own area or zone. The force mobility as an art of war category includes all movements and change of forces deployment. Taking into consideration the goal of force movement. three kinds of movement can be differentiated: manoeuvre, relocation and transport movement. The manoeuvre is applied by forces during operations in reference to the enemy, depending on its direction it can be preceded or finished with relocation. Relocations and transport movement are conducted within the force operations on the territory of their own country. Analysing movement as a physical category and due to the means of transport used, one can distinguish its three forms: the march, transport and redeployment. The march of troops during combat operations is usually conducted on roads. One cannot exclude free movement of vehicle traffic, especially in transport movement. From the military point of view, the category that characterises the forces' movement is their mobility. It can be treated as a feature (characteristic) of a particular element of operational (combat) group and as their capability of quick relocation from one place to another. Taking into consideration the combat operation organisation, one can distinguish the tactical and operational mobility of forces. The destruction of roads and crossings always poses an obstacle for land forces’ movement. Even using the road to detour a destroyed road causes delays in relation to the movement on the main road which was initially planned. Most forces will relocate on hard surface roads. The density of road network decides on the possibility to choose a particular number of roads for vehicle traffic in a given direction. The activities connected with rebuilding destroyed roads should be treated as a set of not very complicated works, however, they are time consuming and varied. They usually require various ways to repair the road surface by specialised engineering units, sometimes even using civil road building companies.