Optymalizacja dwukryterialna termoizolacji

W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę materiałów termoizolacyjnych, używanych w budownictwie oraz analizę ich oddziaływania na środowisko. Surowcem do wyrobu materiałów izolacyjnych z włókna celulozowego jest rozdrobniona makulatura - papier gazetowy. Materiał ten w budownictwie europejskim pojawił się około 50 lat temu, ale na polski rynek dotarł ze Szwecji dopiero w 1994 roku. Technologia produkcji ekofibru oparta jest prawie w 100% o recykling materiałowy. Ocenie oddziaływania na środowisko poddano również materiały konstrukcyjne, które są najczęściej kupowane przez inwestorów na rynku polskim, to znaczy beton komórkowy, ceramika MAX oraz wyroby z silikatu.

---

The issue of the need to lower energy consumption is multi-dimensional. The first aspect is economic. People save energy because it is profitable. The second aspect is related to higher environmental awareness and aims at minimizing the environmental impact by consumers’ pro-environmental decisions. The third reason which inspires society and institutions to save energy is legislation. As far as thermal modernization and thermal insulation are concerned, many regulations are in force both in Poland and in the EU which underscores the importance of the problem. Thermal insulation of building partitions significantly effects the decrease of thermal energy consumption inside buildings, which in consequence lowers CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. For economic reasons, thermal insulation of an external building partition may be treated as an investment in which costs are related to purchase, transport and insulation, whereas profits are related to lowering the demand for energy necessary to heat the building. The authors of the paper have determined the optimal thickness of the insulating layer which gives the maximum net present value (NPV) of the investment. The paper also attempts to evaluate various versions of thermal insulation with respect to the two criteria: maximization of the NPV of the investment and minimization of the environmental effect (measured with LCA value) of the insulated building partition. Various energy sources and construction materials of the partition and insulating materials were taken into account. Assuming that both criteria are equally important, the best versions of the thermal insulation were determined by means of the two-criterion optimization.