POLNISCHE KALVARIENBERGANLAGEN DER FRUEHEN NEUZEIT. EINE VERGROESSERUNG DES KLOSTERGEBIETES

In Europe, Calvaries were the substitutes of the sacred place of martyrdom of Jesus Christ. Their importance grew with the development of religious life and the limited possibility of pilgrimages to the Holy Land. The Calvary tradition has medieval roots, but its intensification took place only from the 15th century onwards. In the case of Calvaries, the mathematically thorough topography of Jerusalem, transferred to concrete implementations, showed up to be essential. The paper focuses on the baroque Calvaries built in the Polish-Lithuanian Union (e.g. Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, Pakoska or Wejherowska), whose mathematical and topographical authenticity was formed under similar rules.