РОЛЬ НАВЧАЛЬНО-ПІЗНАВАЛЬНОЇ ЕВРИСТИЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В НАВЧАЛЬНО-ВИХОВНОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ШКОЛИ

The definitions and structure of educational activity, educational-cognitive activity, heuristic activity and educational-cognitive heuristic activity are examined in the article, and also it is found out, that only educational activity which has integral character is instrumental in development of a student, and represents a system of interdependent components: reasons, educational aims, educational actions, actions of control and estimation. Specific features of educational activity are those associated with the assimilation of junior pupils’ theoretical knowledge. During the execution of learning tasks the actions of aimed at mastering general ways of orientation in the relations between known and unknown quantities, phenomena, components of objects, situations, processes and the like. Action monitoring and evaluation give them the opportunity to check the correctness of the implementation of the training action, evaluate the success of somebody’s entire academic tasks. Learning activities in primary school is subject to certain laws. One of them is the fact that all teaching takes place in the shape of a detailed presentation to the pupils’ of the major components of the learning activities in which they actively engage. In academic work, the pupil consciously sets him/herself the same goals as are currently in front of the school that is ultimately educate oneself to a fully developed and socially mature person. This is called the educational-cognitive activity. The educational-cognitive activity begins to form in pupils from the first days at school. The formation of a full-fledged educational-cognitive activity usually ends at the 6–7 class. In author’s opinion educational-cognitive heuristic activity better ensures the development of the junior pupils, because in addition to the components inherent in the educational activity are attached: substantive, operational and procedural, motivational, organizational, methodological components, as well as the objectives, products, and methods. On the basis of the analysis are defined the concept and characteristics of educational-cognitive heuristic activity of junior schoolchildren, which we will use in our further study.