Arystotelesa charakterystyka zniszczalnych substancji

The present article attempts to explain what Aristotle’s sensible and destructible substance is from the viewpoint of their separability (to chōriston) and individuality (to tode ti). On the basis of the analysis several parts chosen from Metaphysics, Physics, On the Generation of Animals and On the Soul the author makes characterization of two parameters of the substance on the background of three equations: i. Subject = substance = combination of the matter and the form; ii. Subject = substance = form; iii. Subject = substance = matter. The author comes to the conclusion that the sensible and destructible substance can be recognized from the four perspectives: i. as the concrete and the individual thing that is the combination of the matter and the form; ii. as the hylemorfic essence of the thing with the moment which fulfills the function of co-called principium individuationis; iii. as the form which fulfills the function of the internal principle of the thing and is identical with the formal cause of that thing; iv. as the ultimate matter which is the thing or it’s essence in the state of the development.