Oligarchia w życiu politycznym i gospodarczym wybranych państw postsowieckich : perspektywa porównawcza

The oligarchization of economic and political life in the countries created after the collapse of the USSR is one of the main factors determining the forms and dynamics of the transformation of post-Soviet countries. Over the past thirty years, oligarchs in the post-Soviet area have actively participated in the distribution of state property and more. Thanks to the acquired capital resources, they directly or indirectly shape the policy of the countries created on the ruins of the USSR. They participate in the political process as owners of enterprises, sponsors, leaders of political forces, often occupy official state positions, influence legal and institutional solutions, and are a system-creating factor. Significantly, they often become victims of political and economic rivalry in the countries of the former USSR. Analysing the influence of the oligarchy on the internal policy of selected postSoviet countries, the problem of a specific 'duality of leadership' emerges which leads not only to mutual penetration and interdependence but also to a clash between the political and economic spheres. In the individual countries of the former USSR, this clash takes different forms and produces different results.