"In Vitro" and "In Vivo" studies of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with galactose coating as a prospective drug carrier

In today’s medicine, progress often depends on new products with special qualities. Nanotechnology focuses on the creation of materials tailored to fulfill specific therapeutic requirements. This study aims to elucidate the potential of nanoparticles, particularly titanium dioxide nanoparticles, as carriers for pharmaceutical agents. To mitigate the release of potentially harmful titanium ions from the carrier’s surface, modifications were implemented. In the initial phase, titanium dioxide, nanoparticles were obtained based on the sol-gel method, and their surfaces were coated with galactose. Characterization of these materials encompassed analysis of the particle size, specific surface area, microscopic morphology, and titanium ion release. Additionally, drug release profiles, particularly those of tadalafil, were investigated. In vitro assessments were conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of the developed materials on CHO cells. The findings revealed a reduction in titanium ion release from the modified carrier compared to its unmodified counterpart. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats demonstrated enhanced absorption of the drug when the drug was delivered using the modified carrier. The synthesized materials exhibited high purity and favorable surface properties conducive to effective drug−carrier interactions. The results suggest that the modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles hold promise as efficient drug delivery vehicles in biomedical applications.