Cultural imaginaries of contemporary space exploration missions in India, United States, New Zealand and Antarctica : a comparative analysis

Contemporary space exploration missions have undeniably captivated the world's imagination, sparking technological advancements and inspiring dreams of living among the stars. However, beyond the technical feats, these missions also shape and reflect our cultural understanding of the universe and our place within it. This paper delves into the cultural imaginaries surrounding recent space exploration endeavours, examining how these missions are imagined and interpreted across diverse societies. By understanding these cultural narratives, we can gain valuable insights into the social dimensions of space exploration, informing future missions and fostering a more nuanced appreciation of our cosmic aspirations. This analysis draws on our long-term ethnographic research conducted as part of the ARIES project (Anthropological Research into the Imaginaries and Exploration of Space). It is based on data gathered through participant observation as well as interviews with diverse groups of stakeholders (space professionals, space enthusiasts and local communities) conducted in three different countries: India, the United States and New Zealand. We have also spoken to interlocutors who have worked in Antarctica. This kind of long-term, multi-sited research allows us, for the first time, to attempt a cross-cultural analysis of the similarities and differences between how people imagine and relate to contemporary space missions across different continents and cultures. Through this comparative analysis, our research not only provides a more comprehensive understanding of the cultural origins of the similarities and differences between various space missions and industry actors but also helps facilitate mutual understanding and cooperation between international teams working on space missions. This multicultural and comparative perspective can play a central role in defining the social and cultural (rather than just technological and economic) goals of these missions, which would promote peaceful cooperation in space and inspire the public.