Aféra generála O.- Limana von Sanders ve vztazích carského Ruska a císařského Německa (listopad 1913 – leden 1914)

Before of the First World War Triple Alliance and Entente rivalled for influence onto Turkey. For all Russia observed with unbelief of increase position German officers into Turkey army. Russian endurance 'overflow' in the fall of new chief of German military mission of general O. Liman von Sanders in November 1913. Russia asked for energetic action against German military mission in common with Paris and London. France and Britain did not want risk of war and promised diplomatic support only. London initiated diplomatic action for peaceful compromise and in common with others powers procured of constringency of German military mission out from Turkey in January 1914. This affair pointed dangerously of suspicion between powers, for all between Russia and Germany, in eve of the First World War.