Přejímání toponym obsažených v díle Pán prstenů z angličtiny do čínštiny

The trilogy The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien is appropriately called the fundamental writing of fantasy literature. The story of the battle between good and evil, which continues to amaze readers around the world almost 70 years after it was first published, has been translated into dozens of languages, including Chinese. The work is typical for its detailed description of the landscape. The high frequency of local names raises the question of how translators work with them when translating into foreign languages. In the case of Chinese, the applied procedures are even more interesting, as it is a language with a typologically different writing system. The paper presents the results of a lexicological analysis of place names, which led to identifying not only all applied loanword categories but also which of them was the most productive one for borrowing toponyms. Based on the analysis of 512 toponyms, the following types of loanwords have been recognized: phonetic loanwords, hybrid loanwords, calques, semantic loanwords and induced new creations. The most productive loanword categories are phonetic loanwords, calques, and hybrid loanwords.