Multifaceted Landscape of Omics Data

Objective: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of omics fields - including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, single-cell multiomics, microbiomics, and radiomics - and to highlight the significance of integrating these datasets to tackle complex biological questions in systems biology and precision medicine. Methods: The review analyzes current literature across various omics domains, focusing on their individual contributions to cellular functions and their integration challenges. It discusses successful integration examples and addresses issues like data heterogeneity across databases. Results: Omics integration significantly enhances our understanding of biological systems, with each field offering unique insights. Despite challenges with data inconsistencies, successful cases show the potential of integrated omics in advancing personalized medicine, drug discovery, and disease research. Conclusions: Advancing omics integration is essential for breakthroughs in personalized medicine and complex disease studies. Interdisciplinary collaboration will be crucial to overcoming data challenges and realizing the full potential of omics in biomedical advancements.