The employees' personality pattern and their preferred strategy of coping with mobbing in Polish enterprises

The idea of mobbing and its determinants is difficult to define, mainly because of its numerous shapes and subjectivity. While analysing ways of coping with mobbing one must bear in mind that this research problem is relatively new in Poland. The subject of the article are the determinants of one's more or less aware selection of ways of coping with mobbing at one's workplace an enterprise. Despite many observable positive changes, the present situation at a job market can hardly be called stable. As a result, because of psychological characteristics, the victimized employees may react differently to psychological bullying at their workplaces. Firstly, they may use defensive strategies, in order to defend their values and identity such as defence mechanisms. Secondly, they may use evacuation strategy i.e. they may quit their jobs as soon as possible. Finally, they may adopt the so called offensive strategy to mobilize in order to aggressively and violently counteract the mobber. Literature studies on human behavior patterns applied in certain situations (e.g. Type A and C behavioral patterns by M. Freedrnan and R. Rosennman) and practical experience made the author of the article figure out the following research problem: ź is there a correlation between a given behavioural pattern (either type A or C) and one's preferred strategy of doping with lobbing? Based on this research problem one may formulate the following research hypotheses: ź employees with type A behavioural pattern who face mobbing prefer offensive strategy. ź employees with type C behavioural pattern who face mobbing prefer defensive or evacuation strategy. The subjects of the study were 42 employees of Polish commercial or production enterprises. Jenkis Activity Survey questionnaire (JAS) was used to diagnose the subjects' type A behavioral pattern while type C behaviour was found out with the use of a competent judge method (each respondent was interviewed). A validated questionnaire was used to figure out the respondents' preferred strategies of action when being mobbed whereas an interview method was applied to define the respondents' most frequent activities. The investigation showed that type A people were more likely to use the offensive strategy while type C people preferred defensive strategy. The evacuation strategy as used in both groups with the same frequency so this criterion could not be used to differentiate any group. The results of the research show us the necessity of a selection of copings methods using by professional advisers and psychotherapists in organizational intervention and individual therapy.

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Przedmiotem opracowania jest problematyka uwarunkowań zachowania się pracowników w sytuacji mobbingu na przykładzie przedsiębiorstw produkcyjnych i handlowych w Polsce. Artykuł zmierza do uzyskania odpowiedzi na pytania: ź Czy istnieje zależność między spostrzeganiem i klasyfikowaniem określonych zachowań ze strony osób stosujących mobbing w sytuacji pracy a prezentowanym przez pracowników wzorem zachowań? ź Czy istnieje zależność między określonymi wzorami zachowań (typu "A" lub "C") a preferowaną strategią radzenia sobie z mobbingiem? ź Czy istnieje zależność między prezentowanym wzorem zachowań a oceną kosztów psychologicznych, które osoby te zmuszone były ponieść? ź Czy istnieje zależność między oceną skuteczności preferowanej strategii a prezentowanym wzorem zachowania? Artykuł złożony jest z części teoretycznej, omawiającej analizowaną problematykę i empirycznej, przytaczającej wyniki badań empirycznych przeprowadzonych w dwóch wymienionych grupach. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań wykazano zróżnicowanie zachowania pracowników w sytuacji mobbingu w zależności od prezentowanego wzoru zachowania ("A" lub "C").