FONOLOGICKÝ SYSTÉM SPISOVNEJ ČEŠTINY Z TYPOLOGICKÉHO HĽADISKA V ŠIRŠOM KONTEXTE ZÁPADOSLOVANSKÝCH JAZYKOV

The subject of this study is confrontational description of similarities of the phonological system of standard Czech and Slovak in broader Slavonic context. The analysis has shown that the both languages belong to transitional type, which is situated in between lateral consonantal and vocalic types. In the three cited types, which represent the division of Slavonic languages from point of view of phonological typology, are not equally reflected internal tendencies of development inherited from Old Slavonic, but also its own development tendencies. The author also deals with unambiguous evaluation of some phonological phenomenon in modern Czech, which is conditioned by different theoretic-methodological approach to evaluation of these phenomena. Contemporary Czech linguistics withdraws from „prescription“ or from regulation of the language based on stated usage, and Czech linguists prefer description of real present condition of the language, so they study the language and describe what is it like, and how it can be recognized in real texts. Despite the fact that confrontational description of Czech and Slovak languages, much attention has been devoted to, there was not compared phonological system of both languages from typological point of view. The author was inspired by the typological analyses of Slavonic phonological systems by A. Isačenko - outstanding linguist and expert on Slavonic of Russian origin, who remarkably contributed to development of Czech and Slovak Slavistics. This theme is very topical because in phonological system of Czech, within about last thirty years, relations in vocalic and consonantic were principally revaluated. It is related to this fact that reinforcement of systemic position of several originally peripheral elements, which manifested itself in the point that statute of „fenoma“ was gained by more peripheral phenomena in vocalic as well as in consonantic subsystem which were evaluated as combinatory variants according to older conception. At the same time the description of some units of phonological system became more profound from the theoretical point of view.