Comparison of lexicons of genetically and typologically related languages

The aim of this paper is to analyse some aspects of comparison of lexicons of genetically and typologically related languages. The analysis has been made on Polish and Czech lexical material. There are some aspects of diversity in the similar languages. The differences within lexical structures are not remarkable. Usually there appear only in details, e.g. in Czech there is a lack of literary lexical equivalent of Polish colour name: 'granatowy' in opposition to '(ciemno)niebieski' - in Czech '(tmavo)modrý' stands for both these shades. The differences in distribution of similar lexical elements are more visible, e.g. Cz.'cervený' : 'rudý' vs. Pol. 'czerwony' : 'rudy', e.g. Cz. 'Cervený kríz', 'Rudá armáda' vs. Pol. 'Czerwony Krzyz', 'Armia Czerwona'. The most common differences are in collocation of lexical units, analysed in whole lexical fields, e.g. Cz. 'modrý', 'blankytný', Pol. 'granatowy', 'niebieski', 'modry', 'blekitny', 'siny'. Such type of analysis is possible thanks to lexical bases and dictionaries which note collocation of words, e.g. (used in the paper) 'Ceský národní korpus' and 'Slownictwo pism Stefana Zeromskiego'.