Socio-ethogram of adult males versus biochemical-genetic variation in assessing phylogenetic relationships of the Carpinae

To investigate phylogenetic relationships among 9 genera of the Caprinae (Capra, Ammotragus, Hemitragus, Pseudois, Ovis, Rupicapra, Oreamnos, Nemorhaedus, Capricornis) behaviours involved in courtship and mating, aggression, threat, dominance, submission, and marking of adult males were subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Based on all 32 characters and 96 character states investigated, phylogenetic patterns generally were in good agreement with biochemical-genetic data available.