Concepts of "hewād" "homeland" and "millat" "nation" in modern Pashto-language schoolbooks

The article discusses two basic socio-cultural and socio-political concepts of ‘homeland’ and ‘nation’ as they are presented in Pashto-language schoolbooks printed in 2009 and in 2012. To complete the discussion some examples found in the Dari-language 1960s schoolbooks have been added as well. The analysis shows intertextual relations at both the language and meaning level that create the key message of school textbooks, i.e., the pyramid of values: home/family → homeland/nation → national pride, aimed at raising national awareness among today’s Afghans.