'PHILOSOPHY AFTER AUSCHWITZ': REFLEXIONS OF MILITARY VIOLENCE IN THE WESTERN AND POST-SOVIET CONSCIOUSNESS ('Filosofia pislia Osventsyma': reflektsii viiskovoho nasylstva u zahidnii i postradianskii svidomosti)

The paper urgency is stipulated by a necessity of development of the 'ethics after Auschwitz', the 'philosophy after the Holocaust', and genocide studies in the Ukrainian social sciences. The purpose of the paper is to study Western reflexions on the military violence issue and changes of public morality as the result of speculations on the reasons and moral results of the war. The novelty of research is stipulated by introduction of new methodological approaches and analysis of the significant materials in the field of ethics and philosophy after Auschwitz because these trends up till now have been little-known in Ukraine. In conclusions the concept of 'presumption of fault' was introduced as characteristic for postwar generation; the concept of 'cultural trauma' was established as the important part of the Soviet unconscious as a result of 'unspokenness' of different types of war victims' pain in official culture; there was proved that the theory of other is the result of the West-European reflexions on military violence issue.