Guarantees to the use of telecommunication technology in criminal proceedings in the United Arab Emirates legislation:

The UAE legislature regulates the use of telecommunication technology in criminal proceedings pursuant to Decree Law No. (05) of year 2017 on the Use of Telecommunication Technology in Criminal Proceedings and Ministerial Decree No. (259) of year 2019 on the Procedural Manual for the Regulation of Litigation Using Electronic Means and Telecommunication in Criminal Proceedings. Despite the simple, fast and cost-effective justice this system achieves, it aims at achieving balance and equality between adversaries and supports the UAE trends in terms of using modern technology in transactions. Yet, it has emerged jurisprudential debate regarding the guarantees that can be provided to the accused when using the telecommunication technique. So, do such technologies provide the same guarantees provided by the conventional litigation proceedings?