Kant, Rawls a kritika kosmopolitismu

The author defends a cosmopolitan standpoint and attempts to justify the existence of the principles of global justice in the contemporary globalised world. His discussion involves three steps. Firstly, he discusses the influential conception of T. Nagel which holds that in the contemporary world there are only humanitarian moral duties, not principles of global justice, for such principles would require the existence of political institutions to enforce justice. Next, attention is given to I. Kant and an attempt is made to show that from the moral viewpoint the principles of global justice may exist even without the de facto existence of institutions of global government. Finally, the author analyses in some detail J. Rawls’ The Law of Peoples, which he interprets from a cosmopolitan viewpoint. On the basis of this interpretation Rawls’ conception of the principles of global justice is analysed and at the same time his critique of cosmopolitanism is called into question