QUALITATIVE ANALYSES - SOURCE OF RELIABLE KNOWLEDGE OR FREE INTERPRETATIONS? (Analizy jakosciowe - zródlo rzetelnej wiedzy czy swobodnych interpretacji?)

Qualitative methods, due to their specific approach to social reality - which in turn leads to specific approach to the subjects of analysis - have the same proportion of adherents as opponents. Additional problem results from the interpretative paradigm that blurs the borders between particular theoretical conceptions, which consequently favors freedom of interpretation. This situation results in widespread criticism of qualitative analyses, voiced mostly by supporters of the positivist conception of science. As a result, social researchers tend to contrast these two methodologies, often disregarding qualitative analyses. Still, both types of analysis have their advantages and disadvantages. More importantly, proper understanding of qualitative analysis combined with quantitative approaches could help to create a complementary unit, which would provide a relatively comprehensive explanation of social phenomena and processes - both on an individual and collective level. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to indicate the aforementioned dangers and to show the specific nature of qualitative analyses as a new way of exploring different spheres of reality.