Zakażenia cirkowirusowe świń - aktualna klasyfikacja oraz kryteria diagnostyczne

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) belongs to the Circoviridae family, comprising the smallest viral pathogens. PCV2 is involved in the etiology of several diseases of swine called “porcine circovirus associated disease” (PCVD). The most important disease in this group is postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). The role of PCV2 in the etiology of PCVD and the ambiguous interpretation of laboratory results have for years been subjects of controversy. Several, interchangeably used, names have been created for clinical syndromes related to PCV2, and unclear diagnostic criteria hampered the identification of diseases. Therefore, in 2012, new terminology and standardized diagnostic rules were proposed for clinical syndromes related to PCV2. The diagnosis of PCV2 systemic disease and of other PCV2-related diseases is based on the detection of the virus associated with characteristic histopathological lesions (by in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry). Currently, 4 vaccines for PCV2 immunoprophylaxis are commercially available. The dominant genotype is PCV2b, and its prevalence has also been confirmed in Poland. However, all commercially available vaccines are based on the PCV2a genotype. The latest results, published in 2013, indicate that experimental vaccines based on the PCV2b genotype are more effective and offer better protection against infections with PCV2b alone and those involving both PCV2b and PCV2a compared to commercially available vaccines.