Expression of p16 in sporadic primary uveal melanoma

Expression of p16 protein, intragenic mutations of CDKN2A and hypermethylation of CDKN2A promoter region in 41 sporadic primary uveal melanomas were studied. There were 2 cases of spindle cell B histological type, 11 of A + B and 28 of mixed type. All melanomas infiltrated sclera but in 28 cases infiltration was superficial while in 13 profound. In 7 cases the tumor infiltrated the optic nerve. Expression of p16 was stud­ied by immunohistochemistry and recorded by assessment of the proportion of posi­tive tumor cells and staining intensity. Results were expressed as staining index (IRS). Intragenic mutations were studied by PCR-SSCP followed by sequencing, while hypermethylation of the promoter region by CpG methylation assay. In 15% of cases less than 10% of melanoma cells were p16 positive, in 70% of cases less than 50% of cells, while in 7% more than 80% of cells stained for p16 (mean IRS for all cases was 4.87 + 2.43). In B type the IRS was 8.5 + 0.7, in A + B type 6.0 + 2.1 and in the mixed type 4.17 + 2.43 (differences statistically significant). In melanomas profoundly infil­trating sclera mean IRS was 4.16, while in those infiltrating optic nerve 3.71 (statisti­cally not significant). Analysis of the intragenic mutations revealed in two patients a GAC/GAT substitution in codon 84 — a silent mutation. No hypermethylation of the CpG island of the p16 promoter region was found. In conclusion, we found that the de­gree of p16 expression is related to the histological type of tumor but not to the histological indicators of tumor invasiveness and that intragenic mutations and pro­moter hypermethylation are not major mechanisms of p16 inactivation in sporadic uveal melanoma.