Bivalent cations involvement in opiates addiction

Bivalent cations from brain influence many normal and pathological processes. Pharmacodependences are among the pathological processes were some bivalent cations are involved. The effects of these cations on opiate addiction are different. Generally, the links between intra or extra cellular concentrations of bivalent cations have modulatory effect on intensity of opiate addiction and symptoms of withdrawal syndrome. Calcium enhances intensity of opiate addiction. Our data show that magnesium diminished almost all symptoms from withdrawal in morphine-induced addiction. Manganese and zinc administrated during emerging morphine addiction in rat decreases significantly and specifically some symptoms during withdrawal syndrome. Copper doesn't influence significantly either intensity of addiction or symptoms from withdrawal syndrome if it is administered during expression faze. Alimentary intake or therapy with these cations may change intensity of opiate addiction.