Handel wewnątrzgałęziowy jako forma międzynarodowej wymiany handlowej produktami rolno-spożywczymi

The meaning of intra-industry trade should be examined in the light of the theoretical and empirical research of H. Grubel and P. Lloyd. They distinguished two types of trade: intra-industry trade and inter-industry trade. The relative importance of intra-industry exchange and inter-industry exchange depends on the degree of similarity between countries. If countries are similar with regard both to resources possessed and used technology, their exchange generally will be of intra-industry nature. In the case of intra-industry trade, economies of scale are linked to differentiation of production in conditions of imperfect competition. The method of measurement of this type of trade is employing an intra-industry trade index (IIT). In the paper, this index was calculated for agri-food products exported from Poland during the period of 1994- -1999. The results of the conducted research are as follows: the high level of IIT was obtained for such products as: carrots, sugar confectionery, coffee extracts, non-alcoholic beverages, bear, poultrymeat and its preparations, wheat flour;the products with medium level of IIT were: fresh milk, alcoholic beverages, potatoes, apples, rapeseed oil, hops, pulses, pigmeat.