Managing generational diversity under Industry 4.0 in the context of the importance of organizational leadership

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to understand how representatives of different generations (Baby Boomers, Generation X, Generation Y, and Generation Z) view organizational leadership in the context of the challenges posed by Industry 4.0. The authors want to assess whether there are common leadership qualities valued by all generations, despite differences based on generational affiliation. Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted using a survey questionnaire aimed at people involved in decision-making processes in Polish companies. The analysis was based on descriptive statistics, which made it possible to assess the responses and compare the results among selected generational groups. Findings: The results indicate different approaches to leadership depending on generational affiliation. All generations agreed that leadership is crucial, but differ in their priorities. Baby Boomers value leader adaptation, Generation X emphasizes values, Generation Y focuses on success, and Generation Z focuses on diverse leadership competencies. Research limitations/implications: The survey is limited to Polish organizations, which may affect the generalizability of the results to other countries. The sample is small, especially for Generation Z, which may limit a fuller understanding of their perspectives. Originality/value: The article provides unique findings on the differences and similarities in leadership perceptions among the four generations. It points to the need for a flexible management approach that takes into account specific generational needs in the era of Industry 4.0.