Insight into Nano Zero-Valent-Copper Process for Degradation Dye Wastewater–Optimization by Box-Behnken Design and Toxicity Evaluation

This study focuses on utilization of a zero-valent metal (zero-valent iron, zero-valent aluminum, and nanoscale zerovalent copper) in conjunction with H2O2 conducted to treat real dye wastewater. Box-Behnken methodology was applied to describe effects of five independent factors involved in optimization of advanced oxidation system, which was type of zero-valent metals, dosage of zero-valent metals, pH, time and dosage of H2O2, for treating dye wastewater. Correlation coefficients for model, shown by the value R2, were 0.9996 for removing color and 0.9708 for reducing COD. Mass of nZVC equaled 1.09 g/L, H2O2 equaled 5.39 mg/L were found to be the optimal reaction conditions when the pH was equal to 3.71. After 120 minutes of optimal settings, there was a reduction of 87.3% in COD and 98.72% in color of dye wastewater after heterogeneous treatments (nZVC/H2O2). The reusability of nZVC for degrading dye wastewater has been tested in four cycles and showed up to 70% COD removal. Ecotoxicological testing indicated that the raw textile effluent was extremely toxic to Chlorella sp. and V. fischeri. Even while wastewater after treatment collected definitely had a lower toxicity level with both V. fischeri and Chlorella sp. This research findings highlight the nZVC/H2O2 process as a feasible and effective method for real dye wastewater treatment and detoxification, positioning it as a valuable alternative oxidation process for treating organic contaminants.