Bezpieczeństwo robót strzałowych w zakładach górniczych - część 1

Artykuł porusza zagadnienia bezpieczeństwa robót strzałowych i stosowania materiałów wybuchowych przeznaczonych do użytku cywilnego. Zawarto w nim podstawowe informacje dotyczące metod inicjacji detonacji, zużycia środków strzałowych w zakładach górniczych oraz opisano wybrane wypadki i niebezpieczne zdarzenia związane ze środkami strzałowymi, w tym z nieuprawnionym stosowaniem materiałów wybuchowych.

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The development of explosives' technology allows their use for civilians, including the mining industry. In 2019, 46.71 million kg of explosives were used in the Polish mining industry, of which more than half (25.5 million kg) were used in opencast mines. From 1990 to the end of 2019, the consumption of emulsion explosives and the use of non-electric initiation systems were continuously increasing. The development of these technologies and the experience of people associated with blasting works allow for their more effective and safer use. However, the accidents related to blasting works still occur. During the analyzed period, there were 92 such accidents, in which there were 22 (out of 170) death victims. Most of the situations resulted from the so-called „human factor", mainly due to the time pressure and the failure to fulfill some basic obligations. Over 90% of the injured people were employed in underground mining plants, which indicates an increased risk in this type of mines. Despite the best security and controls, the risk of theft, loss or destruction of explosives also cannot be fully eliminated. The article describes three such events in Polish mines.