Cybersecurity in autonomous means of transport

Background: The growing integration of internet connectivity and electronic control systems in modern autonomous and connected vehicles necessitates continuous information exchange. While these advancements enhance vehicle performance, they also expose critical security vulnerabilities, posing significant cyber threats. Understanding and mitigating these risks is essential to ensure vehicle safety and resilience against cyberattacks. This article addresses the existing knowledge gap in identifying cybersecurity deficiencies within vehicle communication networks. It features a systematic review of the available literature on vehicle electrical and electronic systems, challenges in vehicle cybersecurity, and proposed security solutions. Methods: Theoretical methods such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalization were used, alongside empirical techniques including observation and document examination, to assess various threats and solutions in vehicular communication systems. Results: The review revealed multiple vulnerabilities in common vehicle communication protocols, including CAN, LIN, FlexRay, and Automotive Ethernet, which are all susceptible to attacks such as denial of service (DoS), spoofing, and message manipulation. Case studies revealed a number of successful cyberattacks, such as the remote hijacking of a Chrysler Jeep and the manipulation of Tesla’s systems. Cybersecurity solutions that may mitigate these threats, including secure communication protocols, intrusion detection systems, and trusted authorities in VANETs, were explored. The increasing complexity and connectivity of autonomous and connected vehicles necessitate advanced cybersecurity measures to mitigate risks. Systematic threat analysis in vehicular communication systems is essential to improve vehicle safety. Conclusions: Further research should focus on optimizing security strategies, detecting emerging threats, and developing industry-wide standards to protect vehicles from cyberattacks as they become more integrated into digital networks.

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Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr POPUL/SP/0154/2024/02 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki II" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki (2025).