Pathogen-resistant biodegradable SMS materials: a solution for medical applications

Purpose: The study aims to develop and assess a biodegradable spun-bond-melt-blown-spun-bond (SMS) structure composed of polylactic acid (PLA) for medical applications. The innovation addresses the environmental impacts of petroleum-based disposable materials by proposing a sustainable, pathogen-resistant alternative with effective filtration capabilities. Design/methodology/approach: The PLA-based SMS structure was fabricated with spun-bonded and melt-blown technologies, incorporating triethyl citrate (TEC) as a plasticiser to enhance the melt-flow rate and facilitate the production of fine fibre filtration. Thermal, mechanical, molecular, and biodegradability properties were evaluated through standard laboratory tests, including GPC/SEC analysis, SEM imaging, FTIR spectroscopy, and composting experiments. Findings: The developed SMS structure exhibited excellent filtration efficiency (98.5% for 0.3 μm particles) and biodegradation potential, achieving an 84.3% mass reduction after 24 weeks in a composting environment. The material’s spun-bonded layers provided mechanical durability, while the melt-blown layer ensured superior filtration properties. The results demonstrate the structure’s suitability for medical protective equipment while reducing environmental harm. Research limitations/implications: While the study highlights the potential of PLA-based SMS materials, further work should focus on developing industrial-scale production, long-term biodegradability under different environmental conditions and cost-effectiveness compared to commercially available products. Practical implications: Adopting PLA-based SMS materials in protective medical textiles could significantly lower plastic waste and greenhouse gas emissions associated with single-use polypropylene products. The biodegradable solution aligns with global sustainability goals and addresses the demand for disposable protective gear. Originality/value: The study presents a new biodegradable material for medical textiles that combines high performance with environmental responsibility. It brings a possible development path for researchers and identifies solutions for manufacturers and customers looking to create more sustainable healthcare solutions.