Innowacyjny naziemny skład materiałów wybuchowych

Artykuł prezentuje doświadczenia i perspektywy w zakresie przechowywania materiałów wybuchowych w zakładach górniczych, a w szczególności w naziemnym składzie materiałów wybuchowych. Podnosi problematykę związaną z projektowaniem, budową i eksploatacją składu stanowiącego wyodrębniony zespół zabudowań na powierzchni obszaru górniczego kopalni węgla kamiennego. Ponadto omawia niektóre metody badawcze wykorzystane w trakcie projektowania składu przy współudziale rzeczoznawców oraz jednostek badawczych.

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In 2015, the „Budryk" mine completed the deepening of peripheral shaft no. VI and commenced the drilling of shaft excavations, which increased its demand for explosives. Initially, the mine organized a movable explosive storage in a Fort Transit II. With time, it could not keep up with the demand, due to regulatory restrictions. The construction of a permanent, underground explosive storage would not be practicable. Therefore, the possibility of constructing an above-ground explosive storage was analyzed. In order to fulfill the legal requirements for its location, and reduce its distances to other facilities, it was necessary to fulfill 34 additional requirements that guarantee general safety, including for explosive storage racks and the design of the bund surrounding the above-ground explosive storage. A concrete partition between individual explosive boxes was constructed on the racks, in order to contain any possible detonations in between them. According to research, the bund surrounding the explosive storage building should consist of a retaining wall and an embankment (a clay scarp) of ca. 7 m in height above the floor, with a roof reaching at least 4 m in its highest point. In combination with a light roof design for the explosive storage, this will direct the shockwave up, limiting its possible destruction zone. This above-ground explosive storage is an innovative engineering structure serving the underground Silesian mining plants. During its operation in 2021, no undesirable events were recorded, and its construction had positive impact on the management of explosives at KWK „Budryk". Other, beneficial aspects of its construction compared to permanent, underground explosive storages include, among others, four times shorter construction and several times more beneficial economics, including thanks to the possibility of retaining the storage facility until the very closure of the mine, compared to the liquidation of an extraction level.