Analyzing the behavior of GPR wave propagation in zinc contaminated soil combining the dielectric properties-experimental study

There is a very strong link between the behavior of ground penetrating radar (GPR) wave propagation in zinc-contaminated soil and the dielectric properties of soil. This relationship can be of signifcant use in the practices of quick detecting the degree of pollution in zinc-contaminated soil. In this research, measurements were conducted on the zinc-contaminated soil samples with diferent soil index properties (i.e., zinc ion concentration, wet density and moisture content). The radar refection wave data of the common midpoint and common-ofset sounding mode were obtained by using the 600 MHz antenna, and the relative permittivity was measured using the vector network analyzer. The attribute analysis of radar refection wave shows that the wave velocity is afected by wet density and moisture content, but independent of zinc ion concentration. Both the amplitude and the peak frequency decrease with the increase in zinc ion concentration, wet density and moisture content. For the soil dielectric properties, the metal ions can change the conductivity of solution in soil, afecting the imaginary part of relative permittivity, but with little efect on the real part. The positive correlations between the relative permittivity with density and moisture content are caused by the variation of three-phase composition of soil. Besides, the measured soil dielectric properties and the radar refected wave attributes confrm each other, which can well explain the change rules of electromagnetic wave velocity, amplitude and central frequency. The presented results can increase understanding and confdence on GPR for quantitative monitoring and detecting of zinc-contaminated soil.