Dysproz : pierwiastek ziem rzadkich o wysokim potencjale aplikacyjnym

The modern world is based on dynamically evolving technologies, in which rare earth elements play a significant role. This group of seventeen chemical elements, due to their unique chemical and physical properties, is crucial for the development of the most advanced industrial sectors. Rare earth metals, also known as rare earth elements (REE), have gained the status of strategic resources in the last two decades. Despite their small market share compared to other mining and metallurgy products, they are considered critical resources both in the European Union and in the United States. From the wide range of rare earth elements and the numerous advantages they bring, this work focuses on dysprosium. Starting with its historical background, presenting its chemical and physical properties, and ending with a review of the latest scientific articles. In recent years, understanding and characterizing the spectroscopic properties of dysprosium ions has become a subject of research for many groups of scientists worldwide. There has been a growing trend of interest in this rare earth element, as evidenced by literature reports in prestigious international journals. Dy3+ ions are often used as dopants in the production of modern inorganic phosphors, which are chemical compounds that emit light upon excited. This work will show the significant importance of using dysprosium-ion-doped phosphors, glasses, or quantum dots in many areas of science and industry. It emphasizes the crucial role dysprosium has played in the development of electroluminescent diodes, solar cells, sensors, optoelectronic devices, as well as in biomedicine, forensics and anti-counterfeiting applications.