Effect of Using Different Types of Well Water in Karbala Governorate on Soil and Plant

This study was conducted in order to assess the water quality of 12 wells for irrigation purposes in Karbala Governorate, central Iraq. Well water samples scattered throughout the governorate were collected and analyzed chemically and physically. And by comparing the results with the Iraqi determinants of irrigation water, as the values of pH, positive ions (K+, Na+, Mg+2, Ca+2) and negative ions (Cl-, SO4-2, HCO3-) are within the above determinants for all wells, as for electrical conductivity (EC) It is within the determinants of all wells, and dissolved salts (TDS) are higher than the determinants of all wells. According to the American Salinity Laboratory, 5 wells are classified as C4S1, 5 wells are classified as C4S2, one well is classified as C4S3, and one well is classified as C3S1, meaning that most of the well water had a high sodium content. By comparing the classification of the Food and Agriculture Organization, it was found that most of the wells were highly saline and all wells had very soluble salts, except for some of them are medium. Therefore, from what was presented in the study of well water, solutions and ways must be found to improve the use of this water for irrigation purposes by reducing the sodium and salinity values for this water.