Zagrożenie tąpaniami w kopalniach GZW w latach 1993–2012

Tematyka artykułu dotyczy skali zagrożenia tąpaniami w kopalniach GZW wraz z analizą podstawowych parametrów związanych z tym zjawiskiem. Opierając się na danych z banku tąpnięć zestawiono zbiór informacji o warunkach i okolicznościach wystąpienia tąpnięć w ostatnich 20 latach. Zarówno dane statystyczne, jak i charakterystyka metod oceny zagrożenia tąpaniami świadczą o stale rosnącym zagrożeniu oraz o korzystnym oddziaływaniu sposobów ograniczania skutków tych zjawisk. Niniejszą publikację przygotowano na podstawie poufnych materiałów, protokołów tąpnięć itp. wykonanych po tąpnięciach zaistniałych w kopalniach GZW.

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In the past 20 years coal production in Poland diminished almost twice, but despite this fact Polish mining, when compared to European mining, remains at the forefront. Together with the drop in output (by about 51 million tons within 20 years), the number crumps also diminished from 9-18 cases in the years 1993- 1995 to about 1-5 cases after 1996. Analysis of crumps that took place in 1993-2012 points to an increase in seismic properties of mines. Crump consequences, in the majority of cases, are limited to longwall area, especially for longwalls with cavings. Clumps are omnipresent in mining. In Poland this risk mostly occurs in coal mines. In 1993 as many as 42 of the 71 mines in operation where places with clump risk. About 30% of output was produced in crump-risk beds. In 2011-2012, out of the 30 mines in operation, 22 mines were mining from crump-risk beds. Output from crump-risk beds was about 47.5%. From mining conditions analysis it can be concluded that despite a continuous drop in output, we need to count with increased crump risk in the years to come. In order to limit dangerous consequences of crump risk on mining work areas, it is crucial to assess crump risk properly and engage in crump prevention. Analysis of the development of crump prevention methods indicates their constant perfection. Positive results in immediate crump prevention have also been achieved by appropriate control of technological processes.