Numerical analysis of propagation of femur crack due to osteoporotic changes

The aim of the research was to analyse the possibilities of a model description of the type of bone fracture, the state of stress and strain, the method of fix and load, and the physical properties of bone tissue in relation to the method of loading the hip joint in individual phases of physical activity. Design/methodology/approach Analysis of the phenomenon of bone fracture with the use of the finite element method (FEM), which allows to observe the phenomenon of bone fracture affected by osteoporosis, taking into consideration bone disease foci. Modelling of femoral fracture propagation at different periosteal densities was performed. Findings Differences in the method of fracture of the femoral neck are presented, showing different boundaries of bone discontinuity depending on the point of fracture initiation and the force required for its propagation. Research limitations/implications Reproduction of the diseased bone may be limited by the accuracy of its digital model and the physically limited density of the FEM mesh. Using model tests allows us to understand the phenomenon of osteoporotic bone fracture and predict the effects of fracture, which will allow for faster implementation of an effective treatment method. Practical implications The use of the FEM method for analysis allows obtaining knowledge about the formation of bone discontinuities after fracture. It also allows for predicting the place of its occurrence and selecting the appropriate treatment method. Originality/value There was a significant difference in the shape of the femoral neck fracture depending on the place of its initiation. The effectiveness of the FEM analysis in predicting the location, shape and type of fracture is presented.