Energetic Characteristics of Solid Composite Propellants and Ways for Energy Increasing

Energetic characteristics of solid composite propellants of different type and application are described - metal-free compositions containing an oxidizer and a fuel-binder only; compositions containing additionally an energetic compound (Al, Be, Mg, B), metal hydrides (AlH3, BeH2, BxNyHz). A considerable attention is attracted to analysis of oxidizers (ammonium perchlorate, hydroxylammonium perchlorate, ammonium dinitramide etc) because oxidizer occupies the greatest mass fraction in propellant and mostly that is the oxidizer that determines energetic characteristics of the propellant. The main principles of the using of different kinds of binder are considered. It was shown that the competence to choose the binder to the given oxidizer can increase considerably the energetic characteristics even without creation of new compounds. Ways to optimize solid composite propellants destined for missile complexes of different mass characteristics are described. Different ways to further development of solid composite propellants are presented - optimization of formulations basing on accessible components; creation of new more effective binders, having additional functions of oxidizer or gasifying component etc. Ecological problems of solid composite propellants are also a topic of the paper. Ways to decrease ecological danger while solid composite propellants using are investigated.