Stopień zagrożenia pestycydami osób wykonujących zabiegi chemicznej ochrony roślin w zależności od rodzaju upraw i techniki zabiegów

Przedstawiono zużywane ilości i formy użytkowe środków ochrony roślin (pestycydów) w Polsce. Omówiono metody stosowania tych środków w rolnictwiue oraz ukazano stopień zagrożenia pracowników wykonujących zabiegi ochony roślin. Uwzględniono głównie drogi narażenia: wziewną i przez skórę.

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The use of chemical substances in agriculture, especially, in crop preservation has undesirable harmful effects on human health, the effects being the result of activities like producing, applying, storing and distributing pesticides. The application of pesticides creates the greatest probability of poisoning since the process of applying makes the contact between a man and a chemical. While applying pesticides a few different factors should be taken into account: their purpose and properties (varied toxicity and variety of forms), methods of application (a wide variety of equipment), various type of crops, changeable microclimatic conditions. The exposure to the risk of poisoning is dependant on the concentration of chemical substances in the air, the contamination of clothes and hands and the duration of the contact with pesticides. The most frequent methods of applying pesticides are: spraying, fogging, applying pesticides directly to soil for improving sowing material. The techniques of crop preservation can be divided into two groups: the ground techniques both outdoor and indoor ones, the air techniques using helicopters. The most frequently used techniques is crop spraying using various types of sprayers, mainly tractor sprayers but watering and granule sowing are quite often used. The paper presents the result of research on the contamination of the air as well as the clothes and the hands of the farmers applying pesticides taking into consideration the kind of crops the application technique. Futhermore, the degree of exposure to the risk of poisoning is specified. The result of the study showed that the lowest level of exposure to pesticides was observed during the application of granulates. The highest level of exposure, was noted for manual watering of hop and for the preparation of liquid for spraying.