Metoda obliczania pionowych przemieszczeń i deformacji fundamentu budowli z identyfikacją i uwzględnieniem symptomów jego nieciągłości

W pracy przedstawiono metodę obliczania przemieszczeń i deformacji fundamentu na podstawie pomierzonych osiadań zespołu zastabilizowanych na nim reperów kontrolowanych. Przyjęto założenie, że duże różnice osiadań reperów położonych w małych wzajemnych odległościach mogą być symptomem podzielenia fundamentu na odrębne monolityczne części i omówiono metodykę obliczania przemieszczeń każdej z nich względem jednolitego układu odniesienia i względem siebie oraz metodykę obliczania zmian kształtu każdej z tych monolitycznych części. Metodykę obliczeń zilustrowano na trzech przykładach.

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Method of calculating displacements and deformations of foundations on the basis of the measured settlements (vertical displacements dH) of stabilized benchmarks, was presented in the article. In case, when foundation consists of individual monolithic fragments, separated by expansion gaps or divided due to deep cracks, the analysis aimed at identification of these fragments is done. For this purpose the following procedure is applied: 3 parameters of displacements of each potentially undisturbed fragment are calculated for many benchmark combinations, i.e. its changes of inclination [...], [...] along axes of orthogonal system of horizontal coordinates x, y and vertical displacement at the center of coordinate system dHo. Moreover, the check is done, which fragments of foundations do not reveal vertical deformations [...] in places, where benchmarks were stabilized. Fragments of foundation, which do not reveal vertical deformations greater than errors of their determination, are recognized as undisturbed, i.e. monolithic. Fragments slightly disturbed - within their limits of elasticity are also recognized as monolithic. Next, on the basis of the determined parameters of displacements of monolithic fragments of foundations mutual displacements in the zones of cracks are calculated, as well as differences of angles and horizontal inclinations of these fragments are computed. The method enables to identify, on the basis of the measured bench mark settlements, cracks of foundation, which cause its division into separate, monolithic parts, even in cases when other symptoms of such a division are not visible (for instance when division is caused by many tiny cracks, which do not appear as deep cracks, separating monolithic, undisturbed parts of foundation).