A flora of 88 species belonging to 42 genera has been recorded from the Xishanyao Formation of Turpan-Hami Basin, Xinjiang, Northwestern China. The list of the species include: bryophyte - Thallites clarus Zhang et Zheng, T. sp.; lycopod - Lycopodites falcatus Lindley et Hutton; Sphenopsida - Equisetites lateralis Phillips, Equisetites sp., Neocalamites hoerensis (Schimper) Halle, N. carcinoides Harris, N. carrerei (Zeiller) Halle, Radicites sp. and Annulariopsis simpsoni (Phillips); ferns - Todites williamsoni (Brongniart) Seward, Coniopteris bella Harris, C. burejensis (Zalessky) Seward, C. hymenophylloides (Brongniart) Seward, C. murrayana (Brongniart) Harris, C. spectabilis Brick, C. tatungensis Sze, C. sp., Eboracia lobifolia (Phillips) Thomas, Clathropteris cf. obovata Oishi, Dictyophyllum sp., Cladophlebis asiatica Chow et Yeh, Cl. argutula (Heer) Fontaine, Cl. haiburnensis (L. et H.) Brongniart, Cl. hirta Moeller, Cl. fangtzuensis Sze, Cl. magnifica Brick, Cl. ulanensis Li et Wu, Cl. sp. 1, Cl. sp. 2, Cl. sp. 3, Raphaelia diamensis Seward and Sphenopteris sp.; Cycadales and Bennettitales - Pterophyllum mentougouensis Chen et Dou, P. sp., Anomozamites nilssoni (Phillips), A. major (Brongnart), A. sp., Nilssonia cf. acuminata Presl, Nilssonia sp., Nilssoniopteris pristis Harris, N. vittata (Brongniart) Florin, N. cf. uwatakoi (Oishi) Li, Williamsoniella cf. karataviensis Turiket., Williamsonia(?) sp., Taeniopteris sp. and Deltolepis sp.; Ginkgopsida - Ginkgo longifolius Harris, G. digitata (Brongniart) Heer, Ginkgoites sibiricus (Heer) Seward, G. obrutschewi Seward, G. yimaensis Zhou et Zhang, G. sp., Baiera gracilis (Benan MS) Bunbury, B. furcata (L. et H.) Braun, B. setacea Zhang, B. sp., Sphenobaiera longifolia (Pomer) Florin, Sph. setacea Zhang, Sph. sp., Eretmophyllum cf. saighanense (Seward) Seward, E. sp., Phoenicopsis angustifolia Heer, Ph. speciosa Heer, Ph. sp., Czekanowskia rigida Heer, C. setacea Heer, Vittifoliolum cf. segregatum Zhou and Ixostrobus lepidus (Heer) Harris; Coniferopsida - Pityophyllum lindstroemi Nathorst, P. longifolium (Nathorst) Moeller, P. nordenskioldi Heer, Pityocladus kobukensis Seward, P. sp., Pityostrobus sp., Elatocladus manchurica (Yokoyama) Yabe, E. sp., Schizolepis sp., Podozamites eichwaldi Schimper, P. lanceolatus (Lindley et Hutton) Braun, P. sp., Ferganiella sp., Storgaardia sp. and Elatides sp.; and some seeds - Conites sp., Carpolithus latizonus Li, C. retioformus Wu, C. strumatus Wu. The flora is chiefly composed of Filicopsida, Ginkgoposida and Cycadopsida. Among the Filicopsida, the Dicksoniaceae and Cladophlebis are the predominating groups. The former is represented by 8 species and the latter - about 10 species which are characterized by large pinnules. Ginkgopsida with 22 species are dominated by Ginko-like leaves and Phoenicopsis. Cycadopsida ranks the third position with 14 species, mostly assigned to Anomozamites, Nilssoniopteris and Nilssonia. Coniferopsida with 15 species makes up about 17% of the flora and are characterized by long or broad leaf types including Podozamites, Elatocladus and Pytyophyllum. Sphenopsida is a relative smaller group, but specimens of Neocalamites are abundant. The flora can be compared with the Middle Jurassic floras of Middle Asia, England, which indicates the age of the flora is the Middle Jurassic, possibly the Aalenian-Bajocian.
