Syntezy modelowych polimerów biodegradowalnych z zastosowaniem katalizy enzymatycznej In Vitro

The use of enzymatic catalysis, in an organic medium, for synthesis of polysaccharides, polyesters, polyaromatics and polypeptides has experienced important developments over past few years. The review deals with recent advances in synthesis of biodegradable polymers, and aliphatic polyesters in particular, via in vitro enzymatic catalysis. Recently, biodegradable aliphatic polyesters have attracted great interest in medicine as well as environmentally acceptable materials for packaging industry and agriculture. The enzyme-catalysed condensation reactions, ring-opening polymerisation, and corresponding transesterification of macromolecular substrates, as tools for their preparation, are discussed. Enzymes in polymer synthesis offer several advantages as substrate selectivity, enantio-, regio- and chemoselectivity. They enable, under mild reaction conditions and in the presence of or without organic solvents (in bulk), creation of useful polymeric materials with elimination of the potentially toxic catalysts. Some of functional polymers, difficult to obtain by conventional methodologies, may be synthesised using enzymes as catalysts. Although enzymatic procedures sometimes are not suitable for a large-scale preparation they can be successfully applied for new synthetic strategies for modelled polymers with desired topology and structure, including structure of the polymer end groups.