Narzędzia chemii kombinatorycznej. Cz. 4. Synteza asymetryczna na fazie stałej

Solid Phase Asymmetric Synthesis (SPOS) is a recently introduced term embracing all methods of asymmetric synthesis involving use of solid supported substrates and reagents. This review presents basic definitions of asymmetric synthesis and currently used concepts for enatioselective and diastereoselective transformations involving supported synthesis. The concepts of chiral auxiliary, chiral catalyst and chiral reagent are illustrated with selected but fairly comprehensive overview of methods published till January 2005. In particular use of chiral auxiliaries such as oxazolidine derivatives, amines, hydrazines, sulfoxides, sulfinyl amides, sulfoxy imines, carbohydrates and alcohols is covered. Applications of immobilized chiral catalysts to synthesis of carbon-carbon bonds, carbon-hydrogen bonds, carbon--heteroatom bonds and in phase-transfer catalysis is presented with selected reactions due to huge volume of literature in this field. Moreover applications of chiral catalysts and chiral reagents in reactions of immobilized substrates and use of chiral immobilized reagents is also reviewed. The literature review shows that the most popular methods of supported asymmetric synthesis are the alkylation of enolates, aldol reactions, Grignard reactions, cycloadditions, reduetion of ketones, epoxida-tions, olefin dihydroxylation, and phase-transfer catalyzed reactions. There are numerous applications of immobilized chiral catalysts and a substantial number of applications of immobilized chiral auxiliaries. On the other hand there are only scarce reports of applications of chiral reagents and chiral catalysts to the reactions of achiral immobilized substrates.