1,1-diamino-2,2 dinitroeten (DADNE), nowy wysokoenergetyczny i małowrażliwy materiał wybuchowy

The search for new molecules that combine possibly high performance and simultaneously low sensitivity is one of the directions of development of explosives. In 1998, 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (DADNE) was synthesized by N. Latypov et al. using destructive nitration of heterocyclic compounds containing the structural element of acetamidine. Soon it turned out that this comparatively simple structure, which can be synthesized without difficulties, possesses very favorable functional qualities as an explosive. The structure of DADNE molecule is conducive to creation of inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds, and this makes DADNE a very stable (activation energy of 243 kJ/mole), thermally resistant (decomposition above 200oC) and dense substance (1.787 g/cm3). DADNE has favorable oxygen balance and on decomposition the molecule can produce entirely gaseous products (CO, H2O, N2) in the amount of ca. 900 cm3/g. Consequently the performance of DADNE almost equals to the common high explosive RDX (1,3,5-triaza-1,3,5-trinitrocyclohexane), but its sensitivity is comparable with that of TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene). Other advantages of DADNE include excellent compatibility with typical components of explosive formulations and propellants as well as ability to be pressed into mechanically resistant pellets without any additives. The already known properties of DADNE indicate that it can be used on its own or in formulations as a high explosive or propellant component.