Migracja ^90Sr w układach glebowych

Contamination of environment with substances originated from industrial and military activity, including radioisotopes belongs to dangerous occurrences accompanying our life. Most anthropogenic radionuclides come from above ground nuclear weapon tests and as radioactive fallout were deposed in surface layer of soil. This way soil became source of their distribution [1]. Physicochemical properties of soil changes mostly in first genetic layers that is characteristic for specific soil type [2-4]. Translocation of radionuclides and mostly their vertical migration give information not only of contamination of studied area but also their transfer to plants [6-19]. Word literature has been dealing with migration of radionuclides for years [20-24]. The main factors influencing migration of radionuclides comprises their sorption on particles of soil, transportation with water, dispersion that is responsible for distribution in porous environment, precipitation and co-precipitation, half life time of the radionuclide. Moreover very important are: properties of the soil (type, soil organic matter contents, pH), genetic level, type of soil colloids, ionic composition of underground water, chemical form of radionuclide (free ion, compound) origin of contamination (nuclear power plant, nuclear explosion). Studies on migration of radionuclides mostly aim on describing the influence of selected factors on this process [30-42]. Separate place is devoted to studies on presence of radioisotopes in successive layers (vertical intersection) [6, 12-19, 25-29] and calculation on these data, among others, vertical migration rate. Special attention should be paid to elaboration of some theoretical models of vertical migration of anthropogenic radiouclides in depth of the Earth [16, 49-54]. Migrating in soil 90Sr belongs to radionuclides of average velocity, its mean migration rate down in soil is usually lower than 1cm/y [6, 51-54].