One Stage Method – Activated Carbon Modified by Surfactant and Irradiation to Highly Improve Adsorption of Lead (II) Ion Wastewater Simulation (Utilization of Banana Peel Biomass)

Banana peel is biomass that can be converted into activated carbon. Changing activated carbon from banana peel biomass would eventually become an innovation, bringing biomass to prominence as a new and renewable energy source. Electromagnetic waves are another approach for activating carbon. Gamma irradiation functions as an ionization agent or initiator, resulting in the production of free radicals. Gamma electromagnetic exposure provides clean energy with no production of chemical components. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of 60Co gamma irradiation on the chemical functional group, surface area, diameter porous formation, and morphology of carbon at 10 to 50 kGy gamma radiation exposure using FTIR, BET, and SEM instrumentation. The results revealed that modification of activated carbon by irradiation and surfactant has a substantial effect on the formation of diameter pores, functional group formation, and porosity structure. The result showed that gamma irradiation exposure significantly affected pore distribution formation on activated carbon because of cellulose decomposition. Gamma irradiation treatment with optimum doses of 30 and 40 kGy on AC/SLS increased the adsorption capacity of Pb2+ to 54.31% and 52.67% compared to AC/SLS without irradiation at 41.65%.