Geneza i rozwój koncepcji holistycznych i systemowych we współczesnej nauce

The article presents the genesis and development of holistic and systemic concepts. The proposals of basic systemic notions definitions have been suggested. The current state of systems research has been characterised. The main sources of holistic and systemic thought have been discussed, including the works of I. Smuts, A. Koestler and L. von Bertalanffy. The basic notions and definitions of a system and systems philosophy have been given. The perspective directions include, for instance, non-linear systems dynamics, chaotic systems and dispassive structures.