Automated Fare Collection Systems based on check-in and check-out-premises of implementation in Urban Public Transport

In the era of dynamic development of ICT and its increasingly common use in every aspect of life, automated fare collection systems in the public transport became a standard in large cities throughout the world. The systems implemented worldwide, including Poland, differ in assumptions and technologies used. A part of the solutions already implemented is based on the so-called Check-In and Check-Out model, which raises a lot of social fears. The aim of the paper is to present premises that are decisive for the implementation of e-ticket systems in urban public transport, which are based on the registration of the entry to and exit from a vehicle.